YepPlant

Frost Dates and Planting Windows in California

The 32°F frost dates at the 332 weather stations in California with NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals, and the planting windows they give. These are long-term statistics, not a forecast. For the dates at the station nearest you, enter your ZIP code.

The planner uses the weather station nearest your ZIP code.

Frost dates across California

Each risk level uses a date with a set chance of frost. In spring, it's the chance of a 32°F frost on or after the last-frost date. In fall, it's the chance of the first 32°F frost on or before the first-frost date. At the Typical level (30%), the last frost ranges from January 3 to June 21 across the state, and the first frost from September 3 to January 8.

At 199 of these 332 stations, 32°F isn't reached every year. Their frost dates describe only the years when it is reached, and the ranges on this page include them.

32°F frost dates: earliest and latest among 332 stations, by risk level
Risk levelEarliest last frostLatest last frostEarliest first frostLatest first frost
Conservative (10%)January 13SAN FRANCISCO INTL AP, CA USJuly 3JESS VALLEY, CA USAugust 222 stationsDecember 26EAGLE MTN, CA US
Typical (30%)January 3SAN FRANCISCO INTL AP, CA USJune 21JESS VALLEY, CA USSeptember 3PORTOLA, CA USJanuary 8HEARST CASTLE, CA US
Aggressive (50%)December 292 stationsJune 14JESS VALLEY, CA USSeptember 10PORTOLA, CA USFebruary 1HEARST CASTLE, CA US

Growing season length

The growing season is the stretch between the last spring frost and the first fall frost at 32°F. NOAA gives it as a length with a chance of being at least that long. Each risk level uses the length with that chance of a shorter season, so Conservative shows the shortest lengths.

Growing season at 32°F: shortest and longest among 332 stations
Risk levelShortestLongest
Conservative (90% chance of at least this long)62 daysPORTOLA, CA US365 daysPALM SPRINGS RGNL AP, CA US
Typical (70% chance of at least this long)79 daysPORTOLA, CA US365 days28 stations
Aggressive (50% chance of at least this long)91 daysPORTOLA, CA US365 days41 stations
Number of stations by growing season length, Typical (70% chance of at least this long)
Growing seasonStations
60–79 days1
80–99 days11
100–119 days10
120–139 days12
140–159 days13
160–179 days18
180–199 days16
200–219 days17
220–239 days24
240–259 days34
260–279 days41
280–299 days26
300–319 days32
320–339 days24
340–359 days22
360–379 days31

Planting windows across California

For each crop, the earliest start and the latest end of its Typical windows among the stations. A window at any one station is shorter and falls inside this span. Transplant dates are for seedlings. A fall window is left out at stations where it would start on or before the last day of the spring window, so some rows cover fewer stations.

Typical planting windows (30% frost dates): earliest start and latest end among stations
Crop and taskEarliest startLatest endStations
Basil: Transplant outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332
Bean: Sow outdoorsJanuary 3June 21332 of 332
Beet: Sow outdoorsDecember 6June 21332 of 332
Beet: Sow for fallJune 14November 19329 of 332
Broccoli: Transplant outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Broccoli: Transplant for fallJune 4November 19330 of 332
Brussels sprouts: Transplant outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Brussels sprouts: Transplant for fallMay 25November 29318 of 332
Cabbage: Transplant outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Cabbage: Transplant for fallMay 30November 19328 of 332
Cantaloupe: Transplant outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332
Cantaloupe: Sow outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332
Carrot: Sow outdoorsDecember 6June 21332 of 332
Carrot: Sow for fallJune 12November 9321 of 332
Cucumber: Transplant outdoorsJanuary 10June 28332 of 332
Cucumber: Sow outdoorsJanuary 3June 21332 of 332
Eggplant: Transplant outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332
Garlic: Plant for fallSeptember 3January 22332 of 332
Lettuce: Transplant outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Lettuce: Sow outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Lettuce: Sow for fallJune 4November 29330 of 332
Onion: Transplant or plant setsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Peas: Sow outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Peas: Sow for fallJune 9November 19332 of 332
Pepper: Transplant outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332
Potato: Plant seed potatoesDecember 6June 21332 of 332
Pumpkin: Sow outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332
Radish: Sow outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Radish: Sow for fallJuly 16December 19332 of 332
Spinach: Transplant outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Spinach: Sow outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Spinach: Sow for fallJune 21December 2332 of 332
Summer squash: Transplant outdoorsJanuary 10June 28332 of 332
Summer squash: Sow outdoorsJanuary 3June 21332 of 332
Sweet corn: Sow outdoorsJanuary 3June 21332 of 332
Sweet potato: Plant slipsJanuary 10July 5332 of 332
Tomato: Transplant outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332
Turnip: Sow outdoorsDecember 6June 7332 of 332
Turnip: Sow for fallJune 21November 29332 of 332
Watermelon: Transplant outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332
Watermelon: Sow outdoorsJanuary 17July 5332 of 332

Weather stations in California

Every station in California with NOAA frost-date normals, with its Typical 32°F frost dates and growing season. 41 of them have no 32°F frost dates.

Data sources

NOAA U.S. Climate Normals, frost dates, 1991–2020 normals, version 1.0.1
Files: us-climate-normals_1991-2020_v1.0.1_annualseasonal_multivariate_by-station_c20230404.tar.gz, inventory_30yr.txt from NOAA NCEI. Retrieved October 10, 2026.